Time-element circuit-breaker.



H. W. CHENEY.

TIME, ELEMENT CIRCUIT BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 6, 1909.

1,289,656. Patented p61. 31, 1918.

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M311; Z a 11i 11jjjjjjii Y O @1112 I 3/ a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERBERT W. CHENEY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, 'IO ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

Application filed October 6, 1909.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, HERBERT W. CHENEY,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Time-Element Circuit-Breakers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact speclfication. Y

My invention relates to time element devices, particularly as applied to circuit breakers.

In certain electrical systems, it is desirable to allow moderate overloads to continue for short periods -without causing the opening of the circuitf'iThe heavier the overload the shorter this period should be, and on very heavy overloads the opening of the circuit should take place immediately, or after only the interval required to efi'ect such opening on the substantially unretarded movement of the movable part of the.

controlling device. It is the object of my present invention to provide a simple form of time element device which will accurately serve these purposes; and to embody this time element device in a circuit breaker.

In carrying out my invention I provide an electromagnetic device the magnetic circuit of which has two movable members, one of which is moved to diminish the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the device upon suflicient energization of the winding thereof, and the other of which is moved to cause the desired result, such as the tripping of a circuit breaker, when such reluctance has been sufiiciently diminished. The extent to which the reluctance of the magnetic circuit must be reduced before the second movable member is moved depends upon the extent of the energization of the wind mg.

The various novel features of my invenion will be apparent from the description and drawings, and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

The single figure of the drawing is a side elevation of a circuit breaker embodying my invention, some of the parts being in section. I

On the insulating plate 10, which may be Specification of Letters Patent.

TIME-ELEMEN '1 CIRCUIT-BREAKER.

Patented Dec. 31, 1918. Serial No. 521,370. I

a panel of a switchboard, are mounted two contacts 11 and 12 of a circuit breaker. The connections for these contacts may be made at the back of plate 10. The contacts 11 and 12 may be bridged by a bridging contact 13, which is carried by the circuit breaker arm 14 pivoted at 14 between plates 14 fastened to the plate 10 in any desired manner. The arm 14 may be permanently connected to the contact 12, if desired, by means of the shunt 15, and is provided with an arcing contact 16 which, when the circuit breaker is closed, engages a stationary arcing con tact 17 connected to the contact 11. The circuit breaker arm is biased to the right or open position'by means of a spring 18, and

may be moved to closed position by the handle 19. The opening'movement of the circuit breaker is limited by a stop 20.

. When the circuit breaker is closed, it is held closed by means of a latch 21, which engages a pin 22 on the arm 14. The latch 21 is part of a bell-crank lever, the other part 23 of which extends downwardly into the path of the arm 24 pivoted to the plate 25." Between the plate 25 and a second plate 26 which may be supported in any desired man ner, is located thetripping coil 27. This coil is here shown as made of heavy copper, designed and connected to carry the total current of the circuit breaker. If desired, however,'this coil may be arranged. to take but a proportionate part of such total current, or may be designed and connected so that it responds to other conditions than an overload. The plates 25 and '26 and the arm 24 are all made of iron or other magnetic material. Within the coil 27 and extending through the plates 25 and 26 is a tube 28 of non-magnetic material. Within this tube is ,a closely fitting piston 29. of iron or other magnetic material. This piston, which is also a core of the solenoid 27, is biased downward, as by an adjustable spring30, and is provided with a valve 31 which opens to allow the piston to move freely downward but closes so that the upward movement of the piston is retarded. There may be a small desired, the tube 28 may be filled with oil or hole through the center of the valve 31. If

other liquid, though in some cases there is sufficient dash-pot action if the flu d used is air. By having the tube 28 ad ustable relatively to the plates 25 and 26, or by having the initial position of the piston 29 adjustable within the tube 28 the overload value at which the device operates is rendered variable.

As the current carried by the circuit breaker rises, the solenoid 27 lifts the core 2 9 against the action of the sprln 30. This movement is retarded by the das -pot action of the core 29 in the tube 28. As the core 29 rises, the reluctance of magnetic circuit including the plates 25 and 26, the core 29, and the arm 24, is diminished, and in consequence there is a. stronger tendency to move the arm 24 inward. When the core 29 has been lifted high enough so that this tendency overcomes the action of the adjustable spring 32, the arm 24, due to the decrease in reluctance is moved inward with a snap, strik ng the arm 23 of the bell-crank lever and lifting the latch 21 out of engagement with the pin 22, whereupon the spring 18 quickly opens the circuit breaker. The heavler the overload the quicker the arm 24 is moved toward the plate 26 and the less the distance which the core 29 must be lifted before such movement of the arm 24: takes place. If the overload does not continue long enough to raise the core 29 sufficiently to cause the inward movement of the arm 24: the circuit breaker is not tripped. The core 29 begins to drop upon the cessation of the overload, and the downward movement of the core 29 is comparatively rapid, on account of the opening of the valve 31 to allow the fluid beneath the piston to pass to the upper side thereof.

There is thus a time element in the opening of the circuit breaker. F or light overloads the circuit breaker does not open until the core 29 has risen pretty well to the upper limit of its movement. For heavy overloads it is not necessary for the core 29 to move so far before the arm 24 is moved inwardly to trip the circuit breaker. For very heavy overloads the arm 24 is moved inwardly without waiting for any upward movement of the core 29.

Many modifications may be made in the precise arrangement herein shown and described, and all such which do not depart from the spirit and scope of my invention I aim to cover in the following claims.

\Vhat I claim as new is:

1. In a time element device, the combination with a coil, of a magnetic circuit for the coil including two members magnetically in series, being mechanically independent of each other and both movable by the action of the coil, one of said members being movable merely to vary the reluctance of the magnetic circuit while the other is movable when the reluctance is sufficiently reduced by the movement of the first.

2. In a time element device, the combination of a solenoid, a movable core therefor, and a cooperating but mechanically independently movable membenmagnetically in series with said core and arranged to be moved by the action of the coil when the core has been moved sufficiently into the coil.

3. In a time element device, a coil, a core arranged to be moved into the coil as the cnergization of the latter rises, and a cooperating but m echanicall independently movable member magnetically in series with said core and arranged to be moved by the action of the coil when the core has been moved far enough into the coil to diminish the reluctance of the magnetic circuit sufliciently. Y

4. In combination, a coil, an iron plate at each end of the coil, a core biased out of the coil but movable into the coil as the energization of the latter rises, means for retarding the movement of the core into the coil, and a cooperating but mechanically independent ai'mature arranged to be moved to connect the two plates more closely magnetically outside of the coil upon sufficient movement of the core into the coil.

5. In a time element device, a coil, a longitudinally adjustable tube of non-magnetic material in said coil, an iron piston in said tube and biased longitudinally out of the coil but arranged to be moved into the coil as the energization of the latter rises.

6. In a circuit breaker, fixed and movable contacts, an overload coil, a core movable into said coil upon an overload to diminish.

the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the co1l and a member of magnetic material which is separately movable outside of said coil to cause the opening of the circuit breaker upon sufficient movement of the core into the coil.

7. In a circuit breaker, fixed and movable contacts, an overload coil, a core movable into said coil upon an overload to diminish the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the coil, a member of magnetic material which is separately movable outside of said coil to cause the opening of the circuit breaker upon sufficient movement of the core into the coil, and means for retarding the movement of the core into the coil.

8. In a. circuit breaker, two relatively movable contact members, an overload coil,-

a core for said coil, a stationary iron plate at each end of the coil, and a separately movable armature of magnetic material arranged to be moved to bridge said two plates outside of the coil upon sufficient movement of the core into the coil.

9. In a circuit breaker, two relatively movable contact members, an overload coil, a core for' said coil, a stationary iron plate at each end of the coil, a separately mov able armature of magnetic material outside of the coil arranged to be moved to bridge said two plates upon sufiicient movement of the core into the coil, and means for retarlding themovement of the core into the col 10. In a circuit breaker, two relatively movable contact members, an overload coil,

and two mechanically independently inovable armatures for said coil which are magnetically in series, one of said armatures having a retarded movement into said coil to diminish the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the other, the other of said armatures being arranged to move after the commencement of an overload after a time which is an inverse function of the overload and a direct function of the distance the first armature has moved.

11. In a circuit-breaker, two relatively movable contact members, an overload coil, two mechanically independently movable armatures for said coil which are magnetically in series, means for retarding the movement of one of said armatures, the other of said armatures being arranged to move after the commencement of an overload after a time which is an inverse function of the overload and a direct function of the distance the first armature has been moved.

12. In a circuit controlling device, fixed and movable contacts, a coil adapted to carry current proportional to the currentin the circuit to be controlled, a member movable in response to inductive effects produced thereon by said coil, said member being operative to cause the operation of said circuit controlling device wholly through said inductive effects on the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit, and means also responsive to inductive effects produced by said coil for causing said member to operate after a time interval that varies inversely as the intensity of the abnormal conditions.

13. In combination, a movable member, means for causing movement of said member, said means comprising anelectromagnet coil, said member being movable on the energization of said coil to a predetermined degree, such movement of said member being due wholly to magnetic effects thereon produced by said coil, and means responsive to the energy of said coil and effective to permit the movement of said member on the energization of said coil to a lesser degree for an appreciable time.

14. In a. circuit controller, relatively mrvable contacts, a-n-electromagnet comprising fixed and movable elements of magnetic material and a coil adapted to carry current proportional to the current in the circuit to e controlled, said'movable element being operative wholly by the attractive force between said fixed and movable elements to cause effective circuit controlling operation of a movable contact on the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit, and means comprising an electromagnetically actuated member for causing the effective circuit controlling operation of said movable element to occur after a time interval that varies inversely as the intensity of said abnormal conditions.

15. In combination, relatively movable contacts a coil adapted to carry current proportional to the current in a circuit to becontrolled, an element operative wholly in response to inductive effects thereon produced by said coil to cause effective circuitcontrolling relative movement of said contacts on the occurrence of abnormal conditlons in said circuit, and means for causing the time elapsing between the occurrence of said abnormal conditions and the effective circuit-controlling operation of said element to vary inversely as the abnormality of said conditions, said latter means being operable independently of said element and in response to controlling-conditions of said circuit.

16. In combination, a movable element, electromagnetic means effective, when energized to a predetermined degree, to cause effective operation. of said element, and means comprising an electromagnetically actuated member for causing the effective operation of said element to occur on energization of said electromagnetic means to less than said predetermined degree for a time interval that varies inversely as the degree of said latter energization, said electromagnetically actuated member being mechanically independent of said element.

17. In combination, a switch actuating member, means for causing actuation of said member, said means comprising an element movable in response to abnormal circuit conditions of a certain degree, and means for permitting effective movement of said element when abnormal circuit conditions of a less degree have been in existence for a time interval that varies inversely as the abnormality of said conditions, said permitting means comprising an electromagnetically actuated element mechanically independent of said first element and operative in response to similar circuit conditions.

18. In a time element device for controlling eleotric switches, the combination of an electriccircuit, an element movable in response to abnormal conditions in said circuit, a delaying device for said element, said delaying device comprising a second element operatively disassociated from said first element for all conditions of operation and actuatable in response to similar abnormal cir cuit conditions to cause the period of time elapsing between the occurrence of said abnormal circuit conditions and the effective switch-controlling operation of said first element to vary inversely as the intensity of said abnormal circuit conditions.

19. In combination, a circuit to be controlled, relatively movable contacts, means for causing the actuation of one of said contacts to control said circuit, said means comprising an electromagnet having a coil carrying current proportional to the current in said circuit, an element movable wholly in response to magnetic effects thereon produced by said electromagnet to cause circuit opening or circuit-closing actuation of said movable contact, and means for causing the time interval elapsing between the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit 7 and the effective circuit-controlling actuation of said movable contact to varv inversely as the abnormality of said conditions, said latter means comprising an element electromagnetically operative independently of said first mentioned electromagnetically operated element and in response to controlling condltions of said 011- cuit.

20. In combination, a movable element,

electromagnetic means effective, when energized to a predetermined degree, to cause effective operation of said element, a second electromagnetically actuated element actuatable independently of said first element and effective to control the movement of said first element to cause energization of said electromagnetic means to less than said predetermined degree to produce effective operation of said first element.

21. In a circuit controlling apparatus, a movable element, electromagnetic means effective, when energized to a predetermined degree, to cause effective circuit controlling operation of said element, a second movable element operative to permit energization of said electromagnetic means to less than said predetermined-degree to produce effective circuit controlling operation of said first element, actuation of said first element under said latter conditions being mechanically independent of said second element.

22. In combination, a circuit controlling member, means for causing actuation of said member, said means comprising an element movable in response to abnormal circuit conditions of a certain character and predetermined degree, and means for insuring effective movement of said element to cause actuation of said circuit controlling member on the occurrence of abnormal circuit conditions of a like character and lower degree and the existence thereof for a time interval that varies inversely as the abnormality of said conditions, said insuring means comprising an electromagnetically actuated element having a delayed movement, actuation of said latter element being mechanically independent of said first element.

23. In a circuit controlling device, fixed and movable contacts, electrically conductive means adapted to carry current proportional to the current in the circuit to be controlled, a member movable in response to inductive effects produced thereon ,by current flowing in said electrically conductive means, said member being operative to cause effective operation of said circuit controllin device wholly through said inductive e ects on the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit, and means mechanically independent of said movable member and also responsive to inductive effects produced by current flowing in said electrically conductive means for causing said member to operate after a time interval that varies inversely as the intensity of the abnormal conditions.

24. In combination, a movable member, means for causing movement of said member, said means comprising electrically conductive means, said member being movable on the fiow of current of a predetermined value through said electrically conductive means, such movement of said member being due wholly to magnetic effects produced thereon by current flowing in said electrically conductive means, and means variably responsive to a characteristic of the current flowing in said electrically conductive means and effective to vary the time interval involved in the effective operation of said member, said means exerting its controlling effect on said member substantially indeendently of any mechanical cooperation between said member and said means.

25. In a time-element device, an electrically conductive element, a member movable in response to inductive effects dueto a predetermined energization of said electrically conductive element, and means for causing the inductive effects on said member due to said electrically conductive element to vary in response to variations in the intensity of energization of said electrically conductive element, said means exercising its controlling effects on said member through inductive effects that vary in response to a characteristic of the energization of said electrically conductive element.

:26. In combination, an electrical circuit to be controlled, a movable circuit controlling element, means comprising electrically conductive means adapted to carry current that varies in the same sense as the current flowing in the circuit to be controlled and tive means to cause effective circuit controlling operation of said movable circuit'con trolling element wholly through electromagnetic effects produced thereon, and means mechanically independent of said movable circuit controlling element and variably effective in response to the current flowing in the circuit tobe controlled to modify the operating effects produced on said movable circuit controlling element.

27. In combination, an electrical circuit to be controlled, a movable circuit controlling element, means comprising electrically conductive means carrying current proportional to the current flowing in the circuit to be controlled and effective to cause circuit controlling operation of said movable circuit controlling element, and means mechanically independent of said movable circuit controlling element'and inductively related to said electrically conductive means and effective to cause the operating effects exerted on said movable circuit controlling element to .be variably proportionate to the current flowing in the circuit to be controlled.

28. In combination, a circuit controlling device comprising a coil adapted to carry current proportional to the current in the circuit to be controlled, an element opera-' tive substantially entirely in response to inductive effects produced thereon by said coil to cause eifective circuit controlling operation of said device on the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit, and means for causing the time elapsing between the occurrence of said abnormal conditions and the effective circuit controlling operation of said element to vary in response to variations in a characteristic of said abnormal conditions, said means 'exercisin its controlling efi'ect on said element su stantially entirely through a variation in the total inductive eliect exercised on said element.

29. A time-limit device com rising a magnetizing coil, a magnetic circult for said coil comprising two movable members, means for retarding the movement of one of said members, the other of said members being mechanically independent of but magnetically cooperative with said first member.

30. In combination, a magnetizing coil, a magnetizable element movable in response to energization of said coil to a predetermined degree, and a second magnetizable element movable in response to energization of said coil, operation of said second element being mechanically independent of and magnetically dependent upon said first element.

31. An electro-responsive device comprising a movable member, an actuating winding for said member responsive to current in an electric circuit, and a device inductively related to said winding and mechanically independent of said movable member, said device being proportioned to become effective when the current through said winding exceeds a definite limit and modif the effect produced by said excess current t'irough said Winding and cause said Winding to exert upon said member a force which is one power of said current when said current is w1th1n sald definite limit and is another power when said current exceeds said limit.

32. A variably retarded overload relay for electric ircuits com cuit controlling member, an actuating winding for exerting on said member a force dependent on the current in the circuit to be protected, and a device exerting its controlling efi'ects substantially independently of mechanical cooperation with said movable member and operative in response to the flow of current above a predetermined value in the circuit to be protected to modify the magnetic flux due to said actuating winding and thereby modify the effect of said actuating winding upon said member.

33. In combination with an electrical circuit to be controlled, a movable circuit-controlling element biased to one position, means for actuating said movable circuit-controlling element, said means comprising a winding that carries current varying 1n the same sense as the current in the circuit to be controlled, and an element of magnetic material in which magnetic flux is produced by said winding and having a polar portion which cooperates with said circuit-controlling element to cause effective circuit-controlling movement of the latter through electromagnetic efi'ects roduced thereon, said circuitcontrolling el dment being movable to desired efiective position wholly through electromagrising a movable cir-- netic effects produced thereon due to the flow of current of a predetermined value through said winding, and means mechanically independent of said movable element and inductively associated with the circuit of said winding whereby movement of sald circuit-controlling element from biased position to desired efiective position is produced on the flow of current of less than said predetermined value through said wlndmg for a time interval varying inversely as the value of such current, and the torque exerted on said movable element due to electromagnetic efi'ectsproduced in said element .of magnetic material by the current in said winding is automatically caused, in response to variations in the current flowing in said electrical circuit, to be variably proportionate to the current in said circuit.

34:. In combination with an electrical circuit, a movable element biased to an initial position, means for actuating said movable element comprising a relatively fixed element of magnetic material and an energizing winding associated therewith and canetic material and bein movable from initial a position to a desired e ective position on en'- ergization of said element of magnetic material due to the flow of current of a predetermined value in said winding, and means mechanically independent of said movable element and comprising a device inductively associated with the circuit of said winding whereby the torque exerted on said movable element due to electromagnetic efiects produced in said element of magnetic material by the current in said winding is automatically caused to be variably proportionate to the current in said electrical circuit, and the time element consumed between the initial flow of current in said energizing winding of a value suflicient to cause actuation of said movable element and the movement of said movable element to desired effective position is caused to vary inversely as the value of the current in said circuit.

In combination with an electrical circuit, a movable element biased to an initial position, means for actuating said movable element comprising a relatively fixed element of magnetic material and an energizing winding associated therewith and capable of producing a magnetic flux therein effective to cause actuation of said movable element and carrying current varying in the same sense as the current in said electrical circuit, said movable element being operatively relatedto a polar portion of said element of magnetic material and being movable from initial position to a desired effective position on energization of said element of magnetic material due to the flow of current of a predetermined value in said winding, and means responsive to current flowing in said electrical circuit for causing the production of a variable time interval between the occurrence of a flow of current in said winding of a value sufficient to cause actuation. of said movable element and the movement of said movable element to desired effective position, said means being mechanically independent of said movable element and inductively associated with the circuit of said windin 36. In combination, a movable member, means for causing movement of said member, said means comprising electrically conductive means, and an element of magnetic material adapted to bemagnetically energized in response to the flow of current through said electrically conductive means, said movable member being actuatable to desired effective position on the flow of current of a predetermined value through said electrically conductive means, such movement of said memberbeing due wholly to electromagnetic effects produced thereon due to the energization of said element of magnetic material, and means comprising a device electromagnetically linked with the circuit of said winding and effective in response to the current flowing in said electrically conductive means to cause the torque exerted on said movable member due to said element of magnetic material to be variably proportionate to the current flowing in said electrically conductive means and the time interval involved in the effective operation of said movable member to vary inversely as the current flowing in said electrically conductive means, said torque-varying and time-varying means exercising its controlling efiect on said movable member substantially'independently of any mechanical coiiperation with said movable member.

37. A time limit controlling apparatus 'for electrical circuits comprising a movable circuit-controlling element, and means for causing circuit-controlling actuation of said element on the occurrence of abnormal conditions of a predetermined character in the circuit to be controlled with a time element between the occurrence of such conditions and the movement of said operating element to desired effective position that varies inversely as the abnormality of said conditions, said means comprising a movable member mechanically connected to said circuit-controlling element, a relatively fixed element of magnetic material, and an ener- -gizing winding associated with said fixed element of magnetic material, said winding carrying current that varies in the same sense as the current in the circuit to be controlled, a polar portion of said fixed element of magnetic material cooperating with said movable member through electromagnetic effects produced on the latter to exert an ac-' tuating torque thereon, and means comprising a device inductively associated with the circuit of said winding and responsive to the current in the circuit to be controlled on the occurrence of said abnormal conditions and effective to cause the torque exerted on said movable member by said winding to be variably proportionate to the current in the circuit to be controlled, said latter means being substantially mechanically independent of said movable member.

38. A time limit controlling apparatus for electrical circuits comprising a movable controlling element, means for causing the. actuation of said element to a (lesired effectivc controlling position and comprising a wind- 7 tion between these ing adapted to carry current varying in the .same sense as the current flowing in the circuit to be controlled and efi'ective on the flow of current of above a predetermined value therein to cause effective controlling operation of said movable element wli olly through electromagnetic effects produced thereon due to the current flowing in said winding, and means mechanically independent of said movable element and inductively associated with the circuit of said winding and effective in response to the currentflowing in the circuit to be controlled to cause the production of a time interval in the effective operation of said movable controlling element that varies inversely as the current in the circuit to be controlled.

39. In combination with an electrical circuit to be controlled, a variably retarded circuit-controlling device comprising a movable circuit-controlling element, means for actuating said movable controlling element comprising a winding carrying current varying in the same sense as the current in the circuit to be controlled, and means responsive to the current in the circuit to be controlled and effective to cause the torque exerted on said movable controlling element due to current in said Winding to be variably proportionate to the current in the circuit to be controlled, and the time element involved in the effective operation of said movable controlling element to vary inversely as the current in said circuit, said means being inductively related to the circuit of said winding and exercising its controlling effeet on said movable element substantially independently of any mechanical cooperaparts.

40. A variably retardedr circuit-controlling apparatus for electrical circuits comprising a movable controlling element b1- ased to one position, means for actuating said movable controlling element to a desired effective controlling position and comprising a relatively fixed element of magnetic material and a windingfor energizing said element of magnetic material to a degree dependent upon the current in the circuit to be controlled, and means comprising a device responsive to the current in the circuit of said winding and effective to cause the time elapsing between the occurrence of a current above a certain value in said,

winding and the operation of said movable controlling element to said desired effective position by such current to vary inversely as the current in the circuit to be controlled, said means comprising a device inductively related to the circuit of said winding and exercising. its controlling effect through a modification of the proportion between the torque exerted on said movable element by said winding and the current in the circuit to be controlled.

41. In a circuit-controlling device, a movable circuit-controlling member, means for causing actuation of said circuit-controlling member, said means comprising an electromagnetic device including cooperative movable and fixed elements and an energizing coil therefor adapted to carry current that varies in the same sense as the current in the circuit to be controlled, the movable element of said electromagnetic device heing operative wholly by the attractive force between itself and said fixed element to cause desired effective actuation of said movable element on the occurrence of abnormal conditions in said circuit, and means comprising a device including an element of magnetic material 'electromagnetically linked with the circuit of said coil and mechanically independent of said movable element for causing, the desired effective actuation of said movable element to occurafter a time interval that varies inversely as the intensity of said abnormal conditions.

42. In combination, a circuit-controlling means, electroresponsive means for actuating said circuit-controlling means, said means comprising a device for modifying, by space-action solely, the circuit-controlling action of said circuit-controlling means.

Y 43. In combination, a circuit-controlling means to effectively operate in times dependent upon the degree of said conditions, said means comprising a device for modifying the transmission of said energy by space-action solely.

45. In combination, a circuit-controlling means actuatable in response to conditions in the circuit to be controlled, means for transmitting to said circuitcontrolling means energy varying in the same sense as said conditions, and means operatively related to said energy-transmitting means capable of transmitting energy to said circuit-controlling means by a space-transfer only so that the effective circuit-controlling operation of said circuit-controlling means will take place in times inversely proportional to the abnormality of said conditions.

46. In combination, a circuit-controlling means aetuatable in response to conditions in the circuit to be controlled, means for transmitting to said circuit controlling means energy varying in the same sense as said conditions, and means so related to said energy-transmitting means and to said cirwit-controlling means that the effective circuit-controlling operation of said circuitcontrolling means will take place in times inversely proportional to the abnormality of said conditions, in cqnsequence of a space-transfer of energy only, between said means and said energy-transmitting means and said circuit-controlling means respec- 15 tively.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Sept. 25, 1909.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in the presence-of two Witnesses.

HERBERT W. CHENEY.

Witnesses:

CHAS. L. BYRON, L. HUENNEKENS. 

